2,000 Greater & Lesser Mysteries

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~0E ~0E ~0E Chou I, Version 2.23 ~0E Copyright 1987-89 by R.K.Thompson ~0E Chou I Text Copyright 1985-87 by J.L. Schroeder ~0E All Rights Reserved ~0E ~0E You are granted a limited license to use the software ~0E described in this manual. Chou I is not a public domain ~0E program. It is Copyright 1987-88 by R.K. Thompson. The ~0E documentation files containing the translated material ~0E are Copyright 1985-87 by J.L. Schroeder. The conditions ~0E under which you may copy this program and documentation ~0E are detailed in the section of this manual entitled ~0E "Restricted Permission to Copy". ~0E ~0E ~0E The author may make improvements and/or changes in this ~0E manual or in the program described in this manual at ~0E any time. ~0E ~0E ~0E ~0E RESTRICTED PERMISSION TO COPY ~0E ~0E Individuals are granted permission by the author to freely ~0E copy the Chou I diskette for their own use or for other ~0E individuals to evaluate, so long as no price or other ~0E consideration is charged. ~0E ~0E Non-profit computer user groups, clubs and bulletin boards ~0E are granted limited permission by the author to copy the ~0E diskette and share it with their members, ONLY when the ~0E following conditions are met: ~0E ~0E - No price or other consideration may be charged. A dis- ~0E tribution cost may be charged for the cost of the disk- ~0E ette, shipping and handling, so long as the total does ~0E not exceed actual costs. ~0E ~0E - The program (including all related program files) and doc- ~0E umentation files CANNOT be modified in any way; and both ~0E must always be distributed together - without exception. ~0E ~0E - Chou I CANNOT be sold as part of some other inclusive ~0E package. Nor can it be included in any commercial soft- ~0E ware packaging offer for profit without a written agree- ~0E ment from the author. ~0E ~0E - Chou I CANNOT be "rented" to others. ~0E ~0E ~0E Companies, schools, universities, and other organizations ~0E are granted permission by the author to copy Chou I for ~0E CLASSROOM USE (training and educational purposes) only under ~0E the following conditions: ~0E ~0E - No cost or other consideration may be charged for each ~0E student; however, a charge may be assessed as long as it ~0E is not more than the actual cost of the disk. ~0E ~0E - Chou I (including all related program files) and the ~0E documentation on the disk CANNOT be modified in any way; ~0E and both must always be distributed together - without ~0E exception. ~0E ~0E ~0E BACKGROUND ~0E ~0E The origin of the Chou I symbology is associated with Fu Hsi, re- ~0E puted to have lived in the 30th century B.C. He is credited with ~0E inventing writing, cooking, animal husbandry, the marriage con- ~0E tract, the calendar, stringed instruments, fishing with nets, ~0E even the first number system. In short, Fu Hsi developed the ~0E basis of the culture, and virtually "invented" civilization ~0E itself. ~0E ~0E ~0E Fu Hsi was said to have seen the eight trigrams in the shell of a ~0E tortoise, and then gave these abstract forms meanings obtained ~0E through contemplation (see Appendix B). These images are ~0E archetypes invested with psychic content: a bridge between the ~0E psyche and the world. ~0E ~0E ~0E ▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄ At a very early date, the eight trigrams of Fu Hsi ~0E ▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄ were combined, one above the other, to produce 64 ~0E ▄▄▄▄ ▄▄▄▄ permutations of archetypal symbols, called Hexagrams, ~0E ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ each composed of six lines. There are two forms of ~0E ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ these lines: Yang (solid) and Yin (broken). The ~0E ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ line forms are further divided into two types, Young ~0E and Old. Old lines are considered to be changing ~0E lines. That is, they will change from Yang to Yin, or vice versa, ~0E thus producing a second hexagram. ~0E ~0E ~0E Two early versions of the Book of Changes were produced, the Lien ~0E Shan, or "Manifestation of Change in the Mountains" of the Hsia ~0E Dynasty, and the Kuei Ts'ang, or "Returning to the Hidden" of the ~0E Shang Dynasty. These texts are now lost, and all we know of them ~0E are their names, and that the Lien Shan began with the hexagram ~0E for Mountain, while the Kuei Ts'ang began with the hexagram for ~0E Earth. It is likely that these books were an unsystematized ~0E concatenation of the hexagrams without any verbal description of ~0E meaning. ~0E ~0E ~0E Wen Wang, or King Wen, the famous sage-king, founder of the ~0E Chou Dynasty, circa 1122 B.C., is the author of the present text. ~0E He was imprisoned for seven years by the tyrant Chou Hsin, the ~0E last emperor of the Shang Dynasty, for political reasons. ~0E It was during this period that Wen systematized the order of the ~0E hexagrams, and appended the judgments on the meaning of each ~0E hexagram, and the individual lines. Wen's brother, the Duke of ~0E Chou, a literary genius in his own right, added further symbology ~0E to Wen's analysis. ~0E ~0E ~0E The authors of the Chou I analyzed Change itself into 64 arche- ~0E typal processes, each subdivided into six stages. Could we re- ~0E late our affairs properly to the everlasting patterns of ebb and ~0E flow, we should be able to determine the best action to be taken ~0E in each case, and come close to being masters of our lives! ~0E ~0A ~0A METHOD ~0A ~0A Consulting the Chou I, often called "divination", is engaged as ~0A follows: ~0A ~0A A question is asked about the inherent meaning or consequences of ~0A a certain course of action. (Do NOT aim at a "yes/no" answer). ~0A Next a divination procedure is performed (to be explained below) ~0A usually resulting in a pair of hexagrams. The first hexagram is ~0A considered to be a description of the present situation; the ~0A changing lines (if any) indicate the actions to be taken (or ~0A avoided); and finally the second hexagram (if any) indicates the ~0A future situation which may be the result of the actions. If no ~0A changing lines are present, and thus no second hexagram, this ~0A indicates that the present situation is a relatively static one, ~0A with no immediate change to be expected. ~0A ~0A ~0A The validity of the divination process is based upon the acausal ~0A connection between all things in the universe, from galaxies to ~0A atomic structures, and the unconscious psyche of the diviner. ~0A Thus the hexagrams received in a reading are not a matter of pure ~0A chance, but are rather one part of the cosmic web of events, none ~0A of which is entirely unrelated to the others. ~0A ~0A ~0A ~0A Coin Tossing Method: 3 coins required. ~0A ~0A All three coins are placed together in the hands loosely cupped, ~0A shaken awhile and then allowed to fall simultaneously. The re- ~0A sult of the first throw will reveal the bottom line of the an- ~0A swering hexagram; the second throw the next line from the bottom, ~0A and so on. Six tosses will produce one hexagram; the changing ~0A lines (if any) lead to the second hexagram. In the table below, ~0A "H" stands for heads up, "T" for tails up. For western coins, ~0A the side containing the denomination is usually considered to be ~0A "tails", the other side "heads." Heads is considered Yang, 3; ~0A tails is considered Yin, 2. For Chinese coins, the side in- ~0A scribed with FOUR characters is Yin, 2. The other side, which ~0A may be blank, is Yang, 3. ~0A ~0A ~0A ~0A T+T+T (6) ---X--- an Old Yin line (i.e. changing) ~0A T+T+H (7) ------- a Young Yang line (i.e. static) ~0A T+H+H (8) --- --- a Young Yin line (i.e. static) ~0A H+H+H (9) ---Θ--- an Old Yang line (i.e. changing) ~0A ~0A ~0C Note: The changing lines are displayed by the program with brighter video than the static lines. The traditional Xs and Os shown above are not displayed. ~0C ~0A ~0A Yarrow Stalk Method: 50 stalks required. ~0A ~0A ~0A 1. Remove ONE stalk from the heap; set it aside. ~0A ~0A 2. Divide the remaining stalks into two heaps with your RIGHT ~0A hand. ~0A ~0A 3. Remove ONE stalk from the heap on the RIGHT, and place it ~0A between the ring and little fingers of your LEFT hand. ~0A ~0A 4. Count through the heap on the LEFT, by FOURS, until four or ~0A fewer stalks remain; put these remaining stalks between the ~0A middle and ring fingers of your LEFT hand. ~0A ~0A 5. Count through the heap on the RIGHT, by FOURS, until four or ~0A fewer stalks remain; put these remaining stalks between the ~0A index and middle fingers of your LEFT hand. ~0A ~0A 6. Your LEFT hand will now be holding either 5 or 9 stalks; PUT ~0A THESE ASIDE, then merge the remaining stalks. ~0A ~0A 7. Repeat steps 2 - 5; 4 or 8 stalks will be in your left hand ~0A this time: PUT THESE ASIDE. ~0A ~0A 8. Repeat steps 2 - 5; 4 or 8 stalks will be in your left hand ~0A this time: PUT THESE ASIDE. ~0A ~0A 9. Now you have set aside three small heaps of stalks, each of ~0A which contains either 4, 5, 8, or 9 stalks. The first three ~0A "blanks" following "Line 1" in the table below are for ~0A entering numbers associated with these heaps. Count the ~0A stalks in each heap: if it contains 4 or 5 stalks, enter a 3 ~0A in one blank. If it contains 8 or 9 stalks, enter a 2 in ~0A the blank. Then add these 3 numbers in the blanks and enter ~0A the sum (6, 7, 8, or 9) in the blank following the "=". This ~0A is the number of the first line. ~0A ~0A 10. Repeat steps 2 - 9 for the other 5 lines of the hexagram, ~0A recording the appropriate numbers in an UPWARD progression ~0A through the table. It is helpful to have at hand a small ~0A "worksheet" such as shown below: ~0A ~0A ~0A Line 6 ____ + ____ + ____ = ____ ~0A ~0A Line 5 ____ + ____ + ____ = ____ ~0A ~0A Line 4 ____ + ____ + ____ = ____ ~0A ~0A Line 3 ____ + ____ + ____ = ____ ~0A ~0A Line 2 ____ + ____ + ____ = ____ ~0A ~0A Line 1 ____ + ____ + ____ = ____ ~0A ~0B ~0B THE COMPUTER PROGRAM ~0B This is the main "Menu" of the Chou I program: ~0E ~0E ╔════════════════════════╗ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ 1. INSTRUCTIONS ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ 2. CONSULT CHOU I ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ 3. EXAMINE A GRAM ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ 4. INPUT A GRAM ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ 5. RECALL A SESSION ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ 6. RETURN TO READING ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ 7. EXAMINE TRIGRAMS ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ 8. EXIT PROGRAM ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ╚════════════════════════╝ ~0E ~0E Select an Option: ~0B ~0B ~0B "INSTRUCTIONS" presents an abbreviated set of instructions. ~0B ~0B "CONSULT CHOU I" is a mode of operation in which the computer ~0B analyzes the timing and placement of your keystrokes (your ~0B "touch") and uses this information to select the lines of a ~0B hexagram. ~0B ~0B "EXAMINE A GRAM" presents a list of the chapters of the Chou I, ~0B and allows you to select a hexagram for study. ~0B ~0B "INPUT A GRAM" is a mode which allows you to toss the coins or ~0B divide the stalks to select the lines, then "tell" the computer ~0B what numbers (6,7,8,9) you received on each step. ~0B ~0B "RECALL A SESSION" allows you to retrieve and display a reading ~0B previously stored on the diskette. You may view a recorded ses- ~0B sion by entering the word "SAMPLE" when asked for a file name. ~0B ~0B "RETURN TO READING" allows you to re-enter a reading if, while ~0B looking at the main menu, you decide that you exited too soon. ~0B It even allows you to re-enter (see the hexagrams and sequences ~0B of) a "recalled" session. ~0B ~0B "EXAMINE TRIGRAMS" presents two tables. The first is a listing ~0B of the attributes associated with the trigrams. The second is a ~0B chart which allows you to select a hexagram when you only know ~0B the component trigrams. ~0B ~0B ~0B DIVINATORY MODES ~0B ~0B ~0B We expected that when making an inquiry you would first record ~0B the question, then perform the reading, next write your inter- ~0B pretation, and finally save the record on the diskette. ~0B ~0B ~0B The "SAMPLE" serves as a suggested method of recording; but ~0B please don't hesitate to include a few more details than we have ~0B concerning your own intuitions about the reading! ~0B ~0B ~0B You MUST limit your questions and comments to 75 characters per ~0B line. At the end of each line you write, press "return" and you ~0B may enter another line. The question is limited to four lines. ~0B When you press "return" on an empty line, or following a question ~0B mark, the program considers the question to be complete, and ~0B moves you automatically to the appropriate divination routine. ~0B ~0B ~0B When you attempt to return to the main menu, the program will ~0B move to a point where you are allowed to enter final comments. ~0B This is so that you may enter your interpretation of the reading ~0B into the record for later comparison. Comments can be only ap- ~0B proximately 10 lines. These limitations were made in order to ~0B minimize memory requirements. ~0B ~0B ~0B Finally, you will be asked to enter a name under which the record ~0B will be stored. Standard DOS naming conventions apply here: the ~0B name may contain up to 8 characters, with an optional 3 character ~0B extension. You are encouraged to establish your own, consistent ~0B naming scheme for the records that you save. A candidate scheme ~0B might include a name like this: "MOVE_27.JUN" meaning "This is ~0B the question I asked on June 27th about my decision to move to a ~0B new apartment." With a scheme such as this you will avoid the ~0B extreme frustration of wondering which reading you did when and ~0B about what. ~0B ~0B ~0B There is room for approximately 50 records on the Chou I diskette. ~0B A separate diskette or directory can be used. The names of these ~0B records are limited by DOS naming conventions: 8 characters, with ~0B an optional 3 character "extension." Chou I supports DOS "path ~0B names" for storing and reading these records. ~0B ~0B ~0B SCREENS AND OPTIONS ~0B ~0B ~0B When you have generated a hexagram, the screen will look something ~0B like this: ~0B ~0E 28 TA GUO ~0E ~0E ████████████ ████████████ ~0E ~0E ███████████████████████████ ~0E ~0E ███████████████████████████ ~0E ~0E ███████████████████████████ ~0E ~0E ███████████████████████████ ~0E ~0E ████████████ ████████████ ~0E ~0E The Passing of the Great ~0E ~0E The Passing of the Great. The beam sags. ~0E It is favorable to go somewhere. ~0E Success. ~0E ~0E ~0E OPTIONS: 1-1st Gram 2-1st Seq 3-2nd Gram 4-2nd Seq 5-Gloss 6-TriG 7-Menu ~0E ~0E ~0B At most times the "OPTIONS" line above is displayed. The fol- ~0B lowing pages of this manual illustrate the exercise of these ~0B options, showing actual screen images. The various parts of the ~0B screen presentations are described in Appendix A. ~0B ~0B ~0B Your first option might be to display the second hexagram which ~0B is produced by the replacement of the "changing lines" (if any) ~0B by their opposites. This is accomplished by selecting option ~0B "3-2nd Gram". ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B Whenever a hexagram is displayed, you have the option of viewing ~0B its upper and lower trigrams by the selection of "6-TriG": ~0B ~0E ~0E ╔═══════════════════╗ 28 TA GUO ╔═══════════════════╗ ~0E ║ Tui ║ ║ Sun ║ ~0E ║ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ║ ████████████ ████████████ ║ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ║ ~0E ║ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ║ ║ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ║ ~0E ║ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ║ ███████████████████████████ ║ ▄▄▄ ▄▄▄ ║ ~0E ║ lake ║ ║ wood ║ ~0E ║ ║ ███████████████████████████ ║ ║ ~0E ║ Youngest daughter║ ║ Eldest daughter ║ ~0E ║ ║ ███████████████████████████ ║ ║ ~0E ║ mouth; words ║ ║ thigh; gentle ║ ~0E ║ sheep ║ ███████████████████████████ ║ fowl ║ ~0E ║ autumn ║ ║ early summer ║ ~0E ║ west ║ ████████████ ████████████ ║ southeast ║ ~0E ║ a marsh ║ ║ growth, wind ║ ~0E ║ openness; joyful ║ The Passing of the Great ║ penetrating ║ ~0E ╚═══════════════════╝ ╚═══════════════════╝ ~0E The Passing of the Great. The beam sags. ~0E It is favorable to go somewhere. ~0E Success. ~0E ~0E ~0F Press any key to continue ~0B ~0B ~0B Pressing any key at this time will remove the trigram display, ~0B and return the option line. ~0B ~0B ~0B Whenever you are viewing either a Hexagram or a Sequence, ~0B Option "5-Gloss" will allow you to examine the translations of ~0B nearly 100 key terms, presented in a "window" (a rectangular ~0B space which TEMPORARILY covers up a part of the screen). You ~0B will be asked to choose an upper or lower window. This is so ~0B that the window with the glossary information will not cover up ~0B the original context of the term for which you are seeking ~0B further definition. ~0B ~0B ~0B The entry of a "?", instead of a term, leads to: ~0B ~0E ~0E ╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ ACTION, ANYWHERE, BARBARIAN, BENEFICIAL, BENEFIT, BEST, ║ ~0E ║ BETTER, BLAME, BOND, CALAMITY, CANGUE, CAULDRON, CHARACTER, ║ ~0E ║ CHING, CHOU, CHUN-TZU, COMPROMISE, CROSSING THE GREAT RIVER, ║ ~0E ║ DANGER, DANGEROUS, DEPUTIES, DESTINATION, DESTINY, DIVINE, ║ ~0E ║ EASE, ERROR, FAITH, FATE, FAVORABLE, FEALTY, FIRM, FORESIGHT, ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ Press Any Key to Continue ║ ~0E ╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ~0E ~0B ~0B Above is the first of three windows listing the terms found in ~0B the glossary. Pressing any key will continue through the other ~0B entries. When you enter a term, such as "SOMEWHERE", you will see the following window: ~0B ~0E ~0E ╔════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ~0E ║ SOMEWHERE -- Yu: a place, a destination, an action. ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ Graph - Running water, plus a hand holding a stick. ║ ~0E ║ Symbol- Someone uses a stick to sound a ford. ║ ~0E ║ In the course being considered or symbolized, one will be required ║ ~0E ║ to go to a place, or to take an action. ║ ~0E ║ Someone going somewhere, crossing over, has a destination. ║ ~0E ║ ║ ~0E ║ Would you like to check another? (Y/N) ║ ~0E ╚════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ~0E ~0B ~0B In all of these glossary listings, the "Graph" entry is a literal ~0B description of the Chinese character or characters. These may be ~0B pictographs, characters which are images of objects or situa- ~0B tions; or ideographs, characters which are combinations of picto- ~0B graphs and conventional signs. The "Symbol" entry is the inter- ~0B pretation of the Graph. ~0B ~0B ~0B Options "2-1st Seq" and "4-2nd Seq" present the appropriate ~0B Sequence. For instance, for Gram #28, the Sequence is: ~0B ~0E ~0E ~0E 1. Use a mat of white rushes. No error. ~0E ~0E 2■ A dry poplar sends out new shoots. ~0E An old man takes a young wife. Nothing is without benefit. ~0E ~0E 3. The beam warps. Misfortune. ~0E ~0E 4■ The beam curves upwards. Good fortune. ~0E But ulterior motives bring regret. ~0E ~0E 5. A dry poplar flowers. An old woman takes a man of rank. ~0E ~0E 6. One must ford the river; the waters pass over the head. ~0E Misfortune, but no blame. ~0E ~0B ~0B ~0B The Sequence is a set of statements about the meaning of ~0B each of the lines of the corresponding Hexagram. The ~0B entries of the Sequence above, and all of those presented ~0B by the program, are in the normal reading order of top to ~0B bottom. This is in contrast with the order of the lines in ~0B the Hexagrams, which is always from bottom to top, as was ~0B described under "METHOD" at the beginning of this manual. ~0B In other words, the top entry of the sequence gives the ~0B meaning of the bottom line of its associated Hexagram. ~0B ~0C ~0C This concludes the program description. The Appendices which ~0C follow present more detailed information about the Chou I. ~0C ~0B ~0B APPENDIX A - THE MANTIC SYMBOLS ~0B ~0B ~0B The 64 chapters of the Chou I each consist of four parts: ~0B ~0E ~0E 28 TA GUO ~0F 6~0E ████████████ ████████████ ~0F 5~0E ███████████████████████████ ~0F 4~0E ███████████████████████████ ~0F The Archetype ~0F 3~0E ███████████████████████████ ~0F 2~0E ███████████████████████████ ~0F 1~0E ████████████ ████████████ ~0E The Passing of the Great ~0F The Image ~0E The Passing of the Great. The beam sags. ~0F The Judgment ~0E It is favorable to go somewhere. ~0E Success. ~0E ~0E ~0E 1. Use a mat of white rushes. No error. ~0E ~0E 2■ A dry poplar sends out new shoots. ~0E An old man takes a young wife. ~0E Nothing is without benefit. ~0E ~0E 3. The beam warps. Misfortune. ~0E ~0F The Phases~0E ~0E 4■ The beam curves upwards. Good fortune. ~0E But ulterior motives bring regret. ~0E ~0E 5. A dry poplar flowers. ~0E An old woman takes a man of rank. ~0E No blame, no praise. ~0E ~0E 6. One must ford the river; ~0E the waters pass over the head. ~0E Misfortune, but no blame. ~0E ~0E ~0B The Phases are referred to as "The Sequence" in the program, ~0B and are often called simply "The Lines" in other texts. ~0B The meaning or description of these parts follows. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B THE ARCHETYPE -- Kua: The Hexagrams of the Book of Changes; ~0B to divine. ~0B Graph - Horizontal lines, representing the lines of a hexagram, ~0B plus two lines representing the cracks in a tortoise shell. ~0B Symbol- Determining the Hexagram by reading the cracks in a ~0B shell was the ancient form of divination; King Wen ~0B instituted the use of the Yarrow stalks. ~0B The Hexagrams are abstract symbols of a priori order; ~0B representations of relatively fixed patterns of development ~0B against the background of change itself. ~0B ~0B Analysis - ~0B ~0B Lower Trigram: below, earlier, within, human affairs, ~0B social consciousness, body. ~0B Upper Trigram: above, later, outside, cosmic ideals, mystic ~0B consciousness, mind. ~0B Trigram relations: according to attributes, images, sequence, ~0B family. (See Appendix B). ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B THE IMAGE -- Hsiang: a representation, a form, to resemble. ~0B ~0B Graph - An elephant. ~0B Symbol- By extension, the image of a thing; ~0B also, the forms carved in ivory. ~0B The Image is the name of an Archetype: a pictographic ~0B representation of the abstract symbology of the Hexagram, ~0B presumably appended by King Wen. ~0B ~0B The Image, as opposed to an abstract concept, is a symbol having ~0B irreducible primordial psychic content which could never be ~0B completely explained in words. The Image affects the mind ~0B directly, for it is the best possible conscious expression of the ~0B unconscious archetype, the hexagram. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B THE JUDGMENT -- T'uan: an interpretation, a commentary. ~0B ~0B Graph - A hog, showing bristles on the snout; or a porcupine. ~0B Symbol- A commentary appended to a text; as a pig's bristles are ~0B "accessories" to the pig; as a porcupine's spines are ~0B "appended" to it. ~0B The Judgment contains images which amplify the symbology of the ~0B Archetype and the Image, and also contains divinatory judgments ~0B as to the action required and conclusion to be expected. ~0B ~0B The Judgments were appended by King Wen. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B THE PHASES -- Yao: mutual action and reaction; influence; ~0B symmetrical disposition, network; ~0B to intertwine. ~0B Graph - Shears, tongs, or implements which work by mutual action, ~0B as the handles and shears of a scissors. ~0B Symbol- The phases of an archetypal pattern of changes or the ~0B stages of development of a thing according to its ~0B inherent nature. ~0B The Phases contain images and mantic judgments which explicate ~0B the meaning of each stage of development of the Archetype. ~0B ~0B The Phases were appended by King Wen and the Duke of Chou. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B Analysis - ~0B ~0B Line 1: Before, the beginning, infancy and childhood, instincts, ~0B not gone far enough. ~0B Line 2: Middle, correct, modest, local official, adolescence, ~0B sons, woman, self interest. ~0B Line 3: Highest of lower trigram, authority, strength, social ~0B maturity, individual concerns, gone too far, too strong. ~0B Line 4: Lowest of upper trigram, minister to the king, ~0B the Chün-Tzu, mystic initiate, social consciousness. ~0B Line 5: Middle, king, the great man, the sage, mystic ~0B consciousness, wisdom. ~0B Line 6: After, gone too far, gone beyond, the sage, ascended ~0B master, divine knowledge. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B The line which distinctively illustrates the Archetype, having ~0B nobility, and correctly according with the demand of the time, ~0B has been traditionally referred to as the "ruling" line (some- ~0B times there are two ruling lines). ~0B ~0B ~0B In the program presentation, a ruling line is marked with a ~0B "■" beside the line's number, as in "4■" (illustrated earlier ~0B in this manual). ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B APPENDIX B - TRIGRAMS OF THE BOOK OF CHANGES ~0B ~0B ~0B The 64 Archetypes of the Chou I are constructed by the joining of ~0B two three-line trigrams. The trigrams were originated by Fu Hsi. ~0B Each of these trigrams has symbolic meaning of its own: ~0B ~0B ~0B HEAVEN -- Ch'ien: the power of Heaven, masculine, sovereign, dry. ~0B Graph - The sun shining on overgrown plants and watery places, ~0B causing vapors, once checked, to rise up. ~0B Symbol- Drying, warming energy, causing luxuriant growth ~0B and vapors to rise up toward the Heavens. ~0B Symbolic Correlations - The father, the head, the dragon, ~0B the stallion, strength, the creative as opposed to the receptive, ~0B active as opposed to passive, intellect as opposed to emotions, ~0B intuition as opposed to sensation. ~0B ~0B Direction - Northwest. Ch'ien is the Image of Hexagram 1. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B THUNDER -- Chen: to shake, to excite, to terrify, to quicken, ~0B to move. ~0B Graph - A line above (indicating Heaven) and a lightning bolt ~0B coming down through a cloud; plus a man with long hair, ~0B an adult. ~0B Symbol- Sudden shocking action, of short duration, as by natural ~0B forces or a powerful man. ~0B Symbolic Correlations - Lightning, thunder, earthquake, the foot, ~0B fear, agitation, animus. ~0B ~0B Direction - East. Chen is the Image of Hexagram 51. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B RIVER -- K'an: a gorge, a pit, a hole, a snare, a crisis. ~0B Graph - The graph for earth plus the breath coming out ~0B of a person. ~0B Symbol- A declivity in the earth; water in movement, as breath ~0B coming out. ~0B Symbolic Correlations - The abyss, the gorge, the ear, the pig, ~0B danger, wisdom, darkness, the Oracle, animus. ~0B ~0B Direction - North. K'an is the Image of Hexagram 29. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B MOUNTAIN -- Ken: a limit, to stop, hard, obstinate, defiant. ~0B Graph - An eye, and legs swirling, indicating someone turning ~0B around rapidly. ~0B Symbol- A man standing his ground; looking a person full in ~0B the face. ~0B Symbolic Correlations - Stillness, the hand, the dog, meditation, ~0B silence, firmness, inertia, the pause between cycles, animus. ~0B ~0B Direction - Northeast. Ken is the Image of Hexagram 52. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B EARTH -- K'un: the power of Earth, feminine, subordinate, moist. ~0B Graph - Two horizontal lines (subsoil and topsoil) and a vertical ~0B line, showing plants growing out; or else a sacred pole ~0B or stone, a symbol of the Earth spirit; plus an ancient ~0B symbol representing two natural powers. ~0B Symbol- The Earthly half of the two powers. ~0B Symbolic Correlations - The mother, the belly, the cow, the ~0B kettle, the receptive as opposed to the creative, passive as ~0B opposed to active, emotion as opposed to intellect, sensation as ~0B opposed to intuition. ~0B ~0B Direction - Southwest. K'un is the Image of Hexagram 2. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B WOOD -- Sun: mild, bland, insinuating. ~0B Graph - Two foetuses plus plants growing ~0B out of the ground, their roots penetrating it. ~0B Symbol- Foetuses symbolize gentle growth over a long period; ~0B the roots of plants gently and persistently penetrate ~0B the earth; blowing wind gets into everything. ~0B Symbolic Correlations - Wind; growth; persistence; gentleness; ~0B the thigh; the fowl. ~0B ~0B Direction - Southeast. Sun is the Image of Hexagram 57. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B FIRE -- Li: bright, elegant, light, brilliance, to leave. ~0B Graph - A bird (assumed to have brilliant plumage). ~0B Symbol- Light which illuminates everything; flame moves upwards; ~0B a bird flies high. ~0B Symbolic Correlations - The pheasant, the sun, the eye, the ~0B phoenix, clinging, dependent, conditioned, warming, the anima. ~0B ~0B Direction - South. Li is the Image of Hexagram 30. ~0B ~0B ~0B ~0B LAKE -- Tui: To rejoice, to speak, to dissipate. ~0B Graph - A mouth, plus a symbol for dividing or separating, ~0B and a person. ~0B Symbol- Words which dispel grief and rejoice the hearer. ~0B Symbolic Correlations - The mouth, the marsh, the sheep, smiling, ~0B pleasure, the sorceress, gladdening, youth, beauty. ~0B ~0B Direction - West. Tui is the Image of Hexagram 58. ~0B ~0B ~0A APPENDIX C - ABOUT THE AUTHORS ~0A ~0A ~0A Professor Schroeder teaches Asian Thought as well as Western ~0A Philosophy at California State University, Northridge. He has ~0A studied and taught at the American University of Oriental ~0A Studies under Dharma Master Dr. Thich Tien-An. Professor ~0A Schroeder has lived in east Asia himself, having studied at ~0A Orient Buddhist College and Monastery in Taiwan, under Dharma ~0A Master Hsing Yün. His specialties include analysis of archaic ~0A Chinese script, Indian philosophy, Wittgenstein, and Jung. He ~0A has several publications concerning the I Ching, some of them ~0A published in Asia. His scholarship and devotion to the subject ~0A are widely recognized. ~0A ~0A ~0A Mr. Thompson is an engineer, a computer programmer, and a ~0A Philosophy professor. He is an initiate and practitioner in the ~0A Tibetan Gelugpa tradition of Buddhism, studying under Geshe ~0A Tsultrim Gyeltsen at Thubten Dhargye Ling Tibetan Center in Los ~0A Angeles. A friend and former student of Professor Schroeder, Mr. ~0A Thompson undertook this program primarily from a desire to make ~0A Professor Schroeder's work on the Book of Changes available to a ~0A wider audience. ~0A ~0A ~0A "Chou I" is an entirely new translation from ancient sources, not ~0A just a rewording of previous translations, as many recent books ~0A on the subject tend to be. Though useful to anyone who may be ~0A interested, Professor Schroeder's Chou I was not written especi- ~0A ally for beginners. Its primary purpose is to make available to ~0A those already interested in Taoism and the I Ching a pure trans- ~0A lation from ancient sources, without the suspect influence of ~0A later belief systems and the associated commentaries. As an ~0A example of "suspect" translating, very few of the characters in ~0A the ancient language were gender specific, a fact which one would ~0A not discern from the sexist language employed in most transla- ~0A tions. ~0A ~0A ~0A One of the prerequisites for the computer program was that the ~0A Hexagram lines were NOT to be selected by any so-called "random ~0A number generator." The authors thought that such a scheme would ~0A not be sufficiently "connected" to the person making the reading. ~0A The method chosen takes into account both the key which the user ~0A presses, and the time between the keystrokes (measured in thou- ~0A sandths of a second, though somewhat dependent upon the partic- ~0A ular computer). These seem to the authors to be the two avail- ~0A able factors which best capture the touch, mood, and unconscious ~0A inclinations of the user when making the Hexagram entries. Also, ~0A by allowing only the letter and number keys to be used for en- ~0A tries, 36 keys are available, a multiple of four. This prevents ~0A any bias for one line type over another. While this may be more ~0A detail than one wants to read, it is included in order to demon- ~0A strate the insistence of the authors that the program be some- ~0A thing other than a game: that it be valid and useful. ~0A ~0F ~0F ~0F APPENDIX D - USER SUPPORTED SOFTWARE ~0F ~0F ~0F The author distributes Chou I with a marketing approach called ~0F "user supported software." The diskette with programs and manual ~0F can be freely copied and shared. It is also available from the ~0F author for $15. Please use the registration form "REGFORM.TXT" ~0F on this disk. We ask you to help us distribute Chou I by sharing ~0F UNMODIFIED copies of the diskette with others. We also encourage ~0F you to register your copy. Registration has benefits to you: ~0F ~0F 1) We can notify you of improved versions of Chou I, ~0F or other products. ~0F 2) Your conscience will be clear if you pay for what you ~0F use! ~0F ~0F You can "share" only complete unmodified copies of the Chou I ~0F diskette. You cannot distribute modified copies. ~0F ~0F ~0F PC-Write, our favorite Word Processing program, (used to ~0F write all code and data files for this program) is available ~0F from Bob Wallace at: Quicksoft, 219 First N. #224, Seattle, ~0F WA, 98109; (206)282-0452. The present evaluation price is ~0F $16.00 (two diskettes). This gets you a really excellent Word ~0F Processor, complete with spelling checker, mail merge, ~0F on-line help, and much more! ~0F ~0F PC-File, an excellent file management system, is available ~0F from Jim Button at: Buttonware, Box 5786, Bellevue, WA 98006; ~0F phone (206)454-0479. We use it extensively. Jim coined the ~0F phrase "user supported software." To obtain PC-File, or any of ~0F Jim's other fine programs, call his order line: 1(800)JBUTTON. ~0F ~0F User Supported Software is like public television: the program- ~0F ming is freely distributed, but support from users is required ~0F to keep the system working. The concept is based on these ~0F principles: ~0F ~0F 1.People need to try programs to see if they are useful. ~0F 2.Software authors can be supported directly by users. ~0F 3.Copying and networking of programs can be encouraged. ~0F ~0F To quote the late Andrew Fluegelman, originator of this ~0F marketing concept: "This is an experiment in economics more ~0F than altruism. Free distribution of software and voluntary ~0F payment for its use would eliminate the need for money to be ~0F spent on marketing, advertising, and copy protection schemes. ~0F Users could obtain quality software at reduced cost, while ~0F still supporting program authors."